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Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are a type of irregular heartbeat. These extra beats are usually not hazardous, and they could disappear on their own.

To diagnose PVC, doctors will listen to your heartbeat and look for other vital signs. They might order a Holter Monitor that records the electrical impulses generated by your heart over a span of 24 to 48 hours. They can also request blood tests to determine your thyroid hormones and electrolyte levels.

Diagnosis

PVCs occur when electrical impulses coming from the heart's lower chambers, or ventricles, misfire through a structure known as the SA node. This causes the next heartbeat to be delayed, causing a feeling like the heart is fluttering or skips beats. PVCs can be seen as a single event or in repeated patterns. Doublets are two consecutive PVCs. Ventricular tachycardia can be described as three or more consecutive PVCs.

While some people don't have any symptoms at all Some experience palpitations, which could feel like the heart beating faster or slower. Other symptoms include dizziness, fatigue, or a feeling that you're unwell.

Many people who experience occasional PVCs don't require any treatment. If someone is experiencing frequent episodes, doctors may recommend a change in diet or lifestyle including a reduction in alcohol, caffeine and stress. They might prescribe beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers that lower blood pressure and slow down the heart rate.

Doctors will ask about the medical history of the patient and conduct a physical exam to determine their general health. They may also utilize a Holter monitor to track the heart's rhythms for a longer period of time or an electrocardiogram which records a snapshot of the electrical activity in the heart. In certain cases, doctors may order blood tests to check for an electrolyte imbalance or drug toxicity.

A pvc physician may refer the patient to an electrophysiologist or a specialist in heart rhythm disorders for further examination. This specialist can confirm the diagnosis of PVCs and determine if they are benign or not.

PVCs can be found everywhere and are generally not harmful unless they are used frequently or for a long period of time. This can lead to a weakening of the heart muscle or a condition referred to as pvc-induced cardiomyopathy. It is more common in people who are older or those with some form of heart disease. It can also occur in healthy people with an uninvolved heart, however it is more likely to occur in those who exercise regularly. Usually, this isn't an issue to worry about but it's important to consult your doctor if you experience symptoms such as fainting or fatigue.

Treatment

PVCs aren't harmful or cause any symptoms in the majority of people. They do not require treatment. But those who do experience a sensation like your heart is lagging an beat or is racing, it's important to speak to a doctor as soon as possible.

A cardiologist will begin by conducting an interview and then perform a physical examination, and listening to your heart with a stethoscope for any irregular beats. Additionally, you will undergo an electrocardiogram, which captures the electrical impulses of your heart, allowing you to identify any arrhythmias. If an arrhythmia is detected, an portable ECG or 24-hour Holter monitor will be required to capture the irregular rhythm for longer periods of time. These devices can help doctors determine if you suffer from PVCs, and their cause like an imbalance in electrolytes, drug toxicity or other causes.

You may be requested to undergo an echocardiogram (an ultrasound of your heart) to determine if your heart health is in good shape and to check for structural issues that could lead to PVCs. You may also undergo an exercise test to determine how your heart responds to exercise, as physical exercise can increase the frequency of your PVCs. You may also undergo blood tests to check your thyroid, magnesium, and potassium hormone levels to determine whether they are low and can cause the development of PVCs.

If your doctor has confirmed that you have PVCs, and has ruled any serious illness out, the treatment you choose to take will depend on how they affect your life and how frequently they occur. If they only occur occasionally and do not cause any symptoms, your doctor is unlikely to recommend any treatment that will reduce their frequency or severity.

If, however, you suffer from frequent PVCs that cause palpitations and other symptoms, like lightheadedness or feeling like you're going to faint, your physician might recommend medications, such as beta blockers or calcium channel blockers. Changes in your lifestyle, such as avoiding caffeine, smoking, and excessive stress can reduce the frequency of these abnormal pulses.

The following is a list with preventions.

There are people who do not experience symptoms whatsoever from PVCs, or feel heart palpitations (irregular heartbeats) which can appear as "skipped" beats or a fluttering sensation in the chest. These episodes can cause an feeling of pressure or fullness, or they may cause you to feel faint. These episodes are caused by the heart not pumping as effectively as it should. Frequent PVCs increase the chance of developing dilated cardiomyopathy, a condition where the heart expands and is not able to pump blood.

PVCs are usually caused by changes in body chemistry. This can be caused by the release of thyroid hormones and adrenaline and alcohol consumption or caffeine. Stress or excess weight and the absence of exercise can trigger these episodes.

Some people find that changing their diet can reduce the number of PVCs. For instance, they can, avoid foods that contain preservatives that can cause a disturbance of the heart rhythm. These include disodium guanylate and diazole, and disodium Inosinate Sodium (E282-283). You can also consume more fruits and vegetables to ensure that they get enough magnesium and potassium.

Regular health checks are important as are annual physicals. These tests can help identify any heart issues that could cause your PVCs. Also, you should avoid smoking and follow an appropriate diet plan. This could increase the frequency of episodes.

A survey of healthcare staff on 14 normal hospital wards revealed that they were aware of the preventive measures to avoid vascular catheter-associated infections However, their self-assessed compliance with these practices was not great. Compliance improved following a feedback intervention however it was still very low on some of the wards surveyed. This suggests that training on the best ways to implement preventive measures is necessary and that wards that are not complying should be targeted for infection surveillance. This information could be used to guide the implementation of additional quality improvement initiatives on these wards. This could involve additional education and training for staff. It will also be necessary to ensure that the right tools to implement the preventive measures are in place.

Signs and symptoms

The premature contraction of the ventricular muscle can cause your heart to skip beats or to flutter. These arrhythmias can be harmless or they can be the sign of heart problems.

In healthy individuals, occasional PVCs aren't a problem and they generally disappear on their own. If you've got a lot of them, it can cause dizziness or weakness. If you're worried about them, consult your doctor about them. You might need to provide your medical history and they might also perform an examination to determine the cause. They'll likely also need to conduct an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) or other tests.

An ECG is a quick test that will allow your doctor to see the signal from your heartbeat as it moves through your heart for the course of a brief period of time. The test will determine if you have PVCs. Your doctor might also suggest a Holter monitor that tracks your heartbeat over a longer amount of time. They can help distinguish PVCs from other arrhythmias that cause heart palpitations. You might also carry a device that can record your heart's rhythm over 30 days, called an event monitor.

Other heart tests might be required, depending on the reason for your PVCs. For example an cardiologist may test your blood pressure, and also perform an ultrasound of your heart (echocardiogram). These tests can determine whether you are suffering from a condition like heart failure, mitral valve prolapse, or cardiomyopathy.

Your doctor may also have to run an examination of your blood to determine what the problem is with your electrolytes like low potassium or high calcium levels. This could indicate that you suffer from PVCs or another condition such as anemia or anxiety disorders.

You may be referred to a specialist in electrophysiology, who treats abnormal heart rhythms. If you have heart disease that is structural the specialist may have to do other tests, such as an MRI or CT scan of your chest. These tests will help determine whether your heart has been damaged and the severity of the damage. In some cases doctors may suggest an implanted pacemaker to treat the condition that causes the PVCs.